The Netherlands - OECD Summary

Summaries of summaries of healthcare systems based on the Commonwealth Fund reports.
Author(s) of the originals are:
Karsten Vrangbaek, Isabelle Durand-Zaleski, Reinhard Busse, Niek Klazinga, Sean Boyle, and Anders Anell

Netherlands
• The Netherlands will be experiencing major changes that began in 2006 due to dissatisfaction with the prior dual system of competing public and private health care.
• All residents are required to buy health insurance.
• Health insurance is "statutory" but provided by private health insurers and regulated under "private law".(?)
• Financing: statutory health insurance, or SHI or public insurance is funded by a 6.5% tax on taxable income up to €30,000. This 6.5% apparently must be reimbursed by the employer however.
• The self-employed pay a 4.4% rate of tax for their insurance on their income.
• The average annual premium as of 2006 was €1050
• The government completely covers children up to age 18.
• "Substitutive" private health insurance was abolished in 2006.
• The statutory health insurance fund distributes risk-adjusted funds to the insurers. These insurers also provide, for a fee, complementary/supplementary insurance. The premiums for these complementary policies are not yet regulated.
• Private insurers may be for-profit but must accept everyone in their geographic area. They are compensated for this by risk adjustment reimbursement by the government.
• 78% of total health care expenditure is public.
• The statutory health insurance covers usual healthcare and includes drugs but does not include routine dental care. The annual deductible is €150 per year.
• Out-of-pocket expenditures account for 8% of the total health expenditure of the Netherlands
• Physicians contract directly or indirectly with insurers. General practitioners income is a combination of capitation and fee-for-service and pay-for-performance is being tried. Specialists are two thirds self-employed even if hospital-based and one third are salaried.
• Hospitals are mostly private but not for profit.
• Cost controls: it sounds like they are working on a version of managed competition though I am not clear on that.

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